PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

                       

                     PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 

            Dr.Arunkumar.RM {pediatrics occupational therapist} - Gold Medalist

What is the mean by pervasive developmental disorders?

• These disorders are characterized by severe deficits and pervasive impairment in multiple areas of development. 

• These include impairment in reciprocal social interaction, impairment in communication, and the presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities. 

• The specific disorders included in this section are Autistic Disorder, Rett's Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.

• ASD) is defined on the basis of social and communication problems and repetitive and restrictive behaviors that can vary in individuals along a continuum of severity (Lord et al., 2018). 

• A diagnosis of autism can be made as early as 18– 24 months of age.

• It is around this age that characteristic symptoms can be distinguished from typical development and from other delays or other developmental condition.

What are the key principles a healthcare professional following? 

• Key principles including respect for dignity, freedom of choice and independence, non-discrimination, full participation and inclusion in society, and accepting people with disabilities as part of human diversity. 

• The plan is guided by principles such as universal health coverage, evidence-based practice, multisectoral approaches, a life-course approach, and empowerment of persons with mental disorders.

Prevalence of autism 

• Based on 70 estimates, the last systematic review of global prevalence conducted in 2012 found that the median prevalence of ASD was 62/10,000 children, with a consistently higher prevalence in boys (Elsabbagh et al., 2012). 

• The aim of the current systematic review is to update our previously published estimates of the global prevalence of autism. the reviewed studies of the prevalence of autism worldwide, considering the impact of geographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors on prevalence estimates. Approximately 1/100 children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder around the world. (Jinan Zeidan et al.,2022)
• The median male-to-female ratio was 4.2. 
• The median percentage of autism cases with co-occurring intellectual disability.

What is the difference between PDD vs ASD?

• PDD is defined by diagnostic manual mental disorder (DSM) by American journal of psychiatric 1980 to still 2012. 

• After 2012 multiple review studies estimated showing difference between PDD vs ASD out of studied number outed their no significant difference PDD and ASD.

• PDD is not a diagnostic label it's a term only for categorizes the condition, But the ASD is an accurate term for diagnosis and categorizes condition to American psychiatric association has concluded. 

• in 2013 DSM was relased,updating the classification for PDD has been removed and replaced with the general term of ASD.

Regards 

Dr. Arunkumar.RM BOTh, MOTh (Pediatrics) Gold medalist 

Author of e - Book